Exact Binomial Test

DESCRIPTION:

Test hypotheses about the parameter p in a Binomial(n,p) model given x, the number of successes out of n trials.

USAGE:

binom.test(x, n, p=0.5, alternative="two.sided") 

REQUIRED ARGUMENTS:

x
number of successes.
n
number of trials.

OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS:

p
probability of success to be tested.
alternative
alternative hypothesis, "two.sided" (not equal to p), "less" (less than p) or "greater" (greater than p).

VALUE:

a list with class attribute "htest", representing the result of binomial test:
statistic
number of successes.
parameters
number of trials.
p.value
the p-value.
null.value
null hypothesis value of the probability of success.
alternative
alternative hypothesis.
method
the string "Exact binomial test".
data.name
a character vector describing the data used for the test.

DETAILS:

The exact probabilities are computed for the binomial distribution.

NULL HYPOTHESIS:

The probability of success is equal to p.

ASSUMPTIONS:

x is the number of successes out of n independent trials, each with the same probability of success.

REFERENCES:

Conover, W. J. (1980). Practical Nonparametric Statistics, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York.

SEE ALSO:

.

EXAMPLES:

x <- rnorm(100)  
y <- sum(x>0) 
binom.test(y, 100) # median == 0 ? 
y <- rnorm(100) 
d <- x - y 
binom.test(sum(d>0),length(d))  # sign test