Parameters (name=value)

Enter a numeric vector, or list of initial estimates for the fixed effects and random effects. If declared as a numeric vector, it must be given in the form fixed=c(..). The fixed component is required, unless the model function inherits from class selfStart. You could also optionally enter initial values for the random effects, given in the form random= a matrix or list of matrices with length equal to the number of grouping levels. Each matrix should have as many rows as the number of groups at the corresponding level and as many columns as the number of random effects in that level.